Kelly similarly worked with bold geometric forms and pure color fields on shaped panels, often creating multi-part works that explore spatial relationships between modular color elements on flat surfaces.

Judd's use of industrial materials like aluminum combined with precise geometric modularity and minimalist aesthetics directly parallels Knoebel's five-part aluminum structure and interest in color and spatial arrangement.

As a fellow German artist and Beuys student like Knoebel, Palermo created geometric abstract works using acrylic on metal supports, exploring color relationships and minimalist compositions with a similarly reductive formal language.