Judd's use of industrial materials like aluminum and plastic in constructed, geometric abstract forms closely mirrors Knoebel's combination of acrylic, plastic panels, and Alu-Dibond mounting, creating works that exist between painting and sculpture.

Stella's later shaped, collaged, and relief constructions using mixed industrial materials and bold acrylic color share the same sculptural, assembled quality seen in Knoebel's layered plastic panel multiples.

Förg worked extensively with acrylic on aluminum and lead panels in an abstract geometric language that parallels Knoebel's hard surface material choices, collaged construction, and German Minimalist sensibility.