Richter's photorealist and gestural paintings share Tuymans' muted, desaturated palette and engagement with difficult historical memory, particularly in works depicting industrial and wartime subjects with a cold emotional distance.

Rauch's figurative oil paintings employ similarly subdued tones and a melancholic mood while exploring industrial and historical themes rooted in Central European experience, creating a comparable atmosphere of psychological unease.

Dumas, a contemporary of Tuymans within the European figurative painting scene, shares his use of washed out and restrained color fields alongside a gestural representational approach to dark and historically charged subject matter.