Fontana similarly treated the physical surface and material substance of art as the primary subject, embedding texture and dimensional elements into monochromatic surfaces to create works that emphasize pure sensory and spatial experience over representation.

Burri pioneered the use of raw, tactile materials embedded directly into pictorial surfaces, creating textured abstract compositions where the physical properties of the material itself carry the entire expressive and aesthetic weight of the work.

Dubuffet incorporated sand, pebbles, and other natural materials into heavily textured surfaces, exploring how unconventional organic substances mixed with pigment and resin could transform a flat panel into a richly dimensional abstract composition.