Dalí similarly blended figuration with dreamlike distortion in Surrealist oil paintings from the same era, creating enigmatic portrait compositions that balance recognizable human forms with psychological ambiguity much like Picabia's dual figure study.

Ernst worked at the intersection of Dada and Surrealism using oil on canvas to produce mysterious figurative imagery with a restrained monochromatic sensibility, closely paralleling Picabia's enigmatic and conceptually layered approach to portraiture in the 1930s.

Magritte consistently explored enigmatic double and obscured portrait compositions in oil on canvas within the Surrealist tradition, sharing Picabia's interest in destabilizing conventional figuration and creating psychologically charged images of the human face and head.